A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is, to some extent, a â??black boxâ?\nwhen its data is used for ionospheric studies. Our results based on Javad, Septentrio, Trimble, and\nLeica GNSS receivers have proven that the accuracy of the slant Total Electron Content (TEC)\ncalculation can differ significantly depending on the GNSS receiver type/model, because TEC\nmeasurements depend on the carrier phase tracking technique applied in a receiver. The\ncorrelation coefficient between carrier phase noise in L1 and L2 channels is considered as a possible\nindicator that shows if the L1-aided tracking technique or independent tracking is applied inside a\nreceiver. An empirical model of the TEC noise component was provided to determine the TEC\nnoise value in different types/models of GNSS receivers.
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